Krzysztof Kie?lowski
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Krzysztof Kie?lowski
Born June 27, 1941
Warsaw, General Government, Third Reich
Died March 13, 1996 (aged 54)
Warsaw, Poland
Alma mater National Film School in ?ód?
Spouse Maria Cautillo (1967-1996)
Krzysztof Kie?lowski (Polish pronunciation: [?k???t?f k????l?fsk?i] ( listen); 27 June 1941 – 13 March 1996) was an influential Polish film director and screenwriter, known internationally for his film cycles The Decalogue and Three Colors.
Early life
Kie?lowski was born in Warsaw and grew up in several small towns, moving wherever his engineer father, a tuberculosis patient, could find treatment. At sixteen, he briefly attended a firefighters' training school, but dropped out after three months. Without any career goals, he then entered the College for Theatre Technicians in Warsaw in 1957 because it was run by a relative. He decided to become a theatre director, but at the time there was no specific training program for directors, so he chose to study film as an intermediate step. He was raised Roman Catholic and retained what he called a "personal and private" relationship with God.[1]作者: 爱无言 时间: 2011-6-22 14:39:49
Career
Leaving college and working as a theatrical tailor, Kie?lowski applied to the ?ód? Film School, the famed Polish film school which also has Roman Polanski and Andrzej Wajda among its alumni. He was rejected twice. To avoid compulsory military service during this time, he briefly became an art student, and also went on a drastic diet in an attempt to make himself medically unfit for service. After several months of successfully avoiding the draft, he was accepted to the ?ód? Film School on his third attempt.
He attended from 1964 to 1968, during a period in which the government allowed a relatively high degree of artistic freedom at the school. Kie?lowski quickly lost his interest in theatre and decided to make documentary films. Kie?lowski also married his lifelong love, Maria (Marysia) Cautillo, during his final year in school (m. January 21, 1967 to his death), and they had a daughter, Marta (b. January 8, 1972).
Kie?lowski retired from film making with a public announcement after the premiere of his last film Red at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival. Just under two years after announcing his retirement, Krzysztof Kie?lowski died on March 13, 1996 at age 54 during open-heart surgery following a heart attack, and was interred in Pow?zki Cemetery in Warsaw. His grave is located within the prestigious plot 23 and has a sculpture of the thumb and forefingers of two hands forming an oblong space—the classic view as if through a movie camera. The small sculpture is in black marble on a pedestal slightly over a meter tall. The slab with Kie?lowski's name and dates lies below. He was survived by his wife Maria and daughter Marta.
[edit]Documentaries
Kie?lowski's early documentaries focused on the everyday lives of city dwellers, workers, and soldiers. Though he was not an overtly political filmmaker, he soon found that attempting to depict Polish life accurately brought him into conflict with the authorities. His television film Workers '71, which showed workers discussing the reasons for the mass strikes of 1970, was only shown in a drastically censored form. After Workers '71, he turned his eye on the authorities themselves in Curriculum Vitae, a film that combined documentary footage of Politburo meetings with a fictional story about a man under scrutiny by the officials. Though Kie?lowski believed the film's message was anti-authoritarian, he was criticized by his colleagues for cooperating with the government in its production.
Kie?lowski later said that he abandoned documentary filmmaking due to two experiences: the censorship of Workers '71, which caused him to doubt whether truth could be told literally under an authoritarian regime, and an incident during the filming of Station (1981) in which some of his footage was nearly used as evidence in a criminal case. He decided that fiction not only allowed more artistic freedom, but could portray everyday life more truthfully.作者: 爱无言 时间: 2011-6-22 14:44:40
Documentaries
Kie?lowski's early documentaries focused on the everyday lives of city dwellers, workers, and soldiers. Though he was not an overtly political filmmaker, he soon found that attempting to depict Polish life accurately brought him into conflict with the authorities. His television film Workers '71, which showed workers discussing the reasons for the mass strikes of 1970, was only shown in a drastically censored form. After Workers '71, he turned his eye on the authorities themselves in Curriculum Vitae, a film that combined documentary footage of Politburo meetings with a fictional story about a man under scrutiny by the officials. Though Kie?lowski believed the film's message was anti-authoritarian, he was criticized by his colleagues for cooperating with the government in its production.
Kie?lowski later said that he abandoned documentary filmmaking due to two experiences: the censorship of Workers '71, which caused him to doubt whether truth could be told literally under an authoritarian regime, and an incident during the filming of Station (1981) in which some of his footage was nearly used as evidence in a criminal case. He decided that fiction not only allowed more artistic freedom, but could portray everyday life more truthfully.作者: 爱无言 时间: 2011-6-22 14:44:48